Building construction



Sept.v 25 1923.

R. Z. .HOPKINS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. 30 1920 4 sheetssneet 1Tra/WY l Sept., 25,1923.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION r Filed Oct. 30 1920 Sheetgv-Sheet 3 v w/TNEss-`l@ (o [5, n 2J' 22. /NvE/vToR Ram @www www ATTNEY Sept. 25 1923.

R. Z. HOPKINS BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 l Filed Oct'. 301920 Patented Seot. Z5, i923.

instan sra RALPH z. Hoririiis, or iinfinoi'i, iaieiiisrii-i.`

B'Uiizniiis corisrnno'rioii.

Application mea oetobesa,19am-sensi No; 420,710..

To @ZZ tollem imag concern.' Y w it lrnoivn that l, RALPH Z. Eioririits,a

S"chigan, have invented Ya new andv Ininroved Building Construction', ofWhichtlie following is a specification. y

rl`his invention relates to the construction of the frames of window anddoor openings for reinforced concrete buildings, particularly of vthatclass of buildings wherein the outer siirfaces of Wells, floors androofs are constituted by blocks or units which are of stock or standardsizes and which are preferably produced at a vconveniently locatedfactory, concrete 'being poured into the spaces between the units afterthey are placed in proper position, Wherever desiralle.

This invention consistsin a novel ceinbination of units or blocksadapted to he held together when assembled by connectors which may beseparate from or formed on the units, as shown in the drawings andparticularly pointed out in the claims. .Y

In the drawings, Fig. l is an elevation of a portion of a VbuildingWall." and 3 are sections on the lines 2-2 and 3 3 .of Fig. i,respectively. F igl-l isa verticalse'ction of the linte'l of a caseinentWindowY ein` hodying this invention, and Fig. is a simi-Y ltig 6 is ajlar section of the sill thereof.V horizontal section through a hinge orthis Window. Figs. 7 and 8 are an end view and'f an elevationrespectively of va lintel unit. Fig. 9 is a horizont-al section on alarge scale of a hinge unit. FigilO is a vertical section on a largerscale of a sill enit; Fig. ll'is a horizontal section through a'doorjainb showing the casing, door and hinge. F ig. l2 is a perspectivevie'wofa facing or stop Yineinher thereof. Fig. 13 is' an end vica' ofthe unit embodying this `facing' meint-er and the reinforced backingtherefor. Figs. lland l'are views of a tie plate. Fig. itlis a sidevieiv of a jamh unit. Fig. 1T isfa perspective of an inner sill unit,also shown iii Fig. Fig. 18 is an inner elevation and 19 plan of aWallunit. Fig. 20 is an elevation and'Fig. .il a plan of a Wallvtie-plate. Fig. 22 is a plan of la section of a reinforced r-fall Vunitand Fig. A23 is a plan of the end of a Wall tie-plate adapted-to`eingnge therewith. Fig. 2sV is a perspective "of an interior Wall unit.Fig. 2lis aperspective of a center sill unit, also shown in Fig. V28. Fis a lvertical section of a Window lintei.V ig. 27

citizen of the United States, land residing Detroit, in the county ofl'layne and State of 16, as shown in Fiets is a horizontal section'ofone side of a i1,vin- 4'dow traine.

a Window sill. 29 fis aV bottoni planvof a guide plate for 'Windov-J`sash and FigBO is a section on the'V line 30-30 thereof. 3l is ahottoinplan and Fig. 32 is anend viewof supporting l'plate 'forythe sashguides. 33 is arplanandfFig, 34 is an end view of center unit forvtheside Walls vand lintel of a Window traine.V Fig. 35 is an 'interiorand'Fig: 36 an end elevation of'al facing unit for the window frame. iFig. 37'

is a rearvieW and Fig. 38 is an Aend view of an exterior Window sillunit. Y v Similar reference vcharacters",refer to like parts throughoutthe several views.

'Fig 5 'shows a section ofa Windoiv si-ll inade up of thi'ee'diierentsets'of sillunits ing: which is lilewis'e'builtup of outer Wall Fig. 28is a vertical vsectionofV 1,2 and 3, supported oy the wall of the buildiunits t and -'held together'fby the tie-platesV 6. `These units are allmolded in advance, Y preferahlyat a properlyfe'quipped factory and areso'forined ythat they'inay Ahe attached to eachother by means Aofproperly formed connectors or by interlocking tongues. The linner sill.units" l (also shown inFig. i7) arel foi-ined With dovetail grooves `7lto receive connectors (such as shown in Figl) ,"which unite vthem totheyiii-terinediate Vsill units2,

as indica-ted iii dotted lines in Fig.` 5, the unit 2 1oeinggenerally-'similar to the ,uniti shown hr-.vingfv the saine dovetailgrooves 9; l

An outer sill unit 3 is vshown in Figs. 3

and 38 `with its grooves l() to receive conf nectors S to unite iD totheinterniediate sill krneinloer 2. The inner and outer sill inem-yliers rest on the outer Wall units l While the intermediate'inen'iliers' 2 rest on the interinodiate Wall units. These Wall unitsLlare shown in FigsjlS and i9, provided with grooves l2`to receiveV thetongues 13 on the. ends of the tie-plates 6 (Fig. 2l). lf de-l sired,these tongues andthe vWal-leef 'the grooves l2may beA reinforced bymeans of.

the metal shells le and l5 respectively. which serve as inolds for theadjacent portions of these concrete building units. rlhe i WallVV unitset inay he reinforced by means ofrods gs, 1S, 19 and 22, and suchinstance, the rods 18 einployed to secure the shells lof theY tongues 13(Fig. 25);V Y

The tic-plates 6 and the intermediate Wall units 5 niay formed Withknotches i6 and Yrods may he placed wherever desired', as kfor ilo `frimeunits .v j, Willi f' mayrest on the window casing anc .34. These Vcasingunits extend across the top and then down the sides of the windows, asshown in Fig. 6, and are united to the 1 vertical and intermediate inans of the connectors y8 which extend into grooves 23a or 23h,depending-on whether the units are at the top side of the opening. lVhenthe sill units the l' :el units 22 and the upright units for either dooror window openings are t the stop members 26, 27 and 28, respectiver maybe placed Vin the molds so that the concrete will unite positively withthese stop members, these being formed with dovetail tongues to make theconnection more effective. vThese stop units are preferably of iron.

any f ad number of hinges 29. are seured upright stop members 28 and othe e frame members 30 of a easement window sash or door. The parts 2Sare preferably formed with a groove 32 to receive the rib on the sashor'door. If desired, a properly fashioned strip 34 of metal may be molled in the member and the stop unit 28 afterwards slid into position, asindicated in Fig. 9. The stop units are not necessarily of the samelength as the concrete blocl; to which they are attached, as they may bem de longer so as to break oints with the blocks.

The units 27 (Fig. 4) are preferably stepped to fit the stepped uppermember of be sash, to insure water-tight joints, and, desired, theconcrete blocks 22 may be 'nolded onto sheet metal reinforcen'ients 36 123C' to receive the connectors 8 and the p members 27 respectively, asindicated llig. 7. rihe intermediate sill members may also be moldedonto the sheet metal forms 3S (Fig. 10) which are adapted to receive thestop units 26. These stop members re formed i 1h gutters 39 and the ribsrely formed with drainq o'e i shield strip 43 of rubber or be attached.to the bottom mem- Y window'sash n 11 to 16 inclusive a construction fordoors and easement windows o1' thersame general design is detailed, Fig.11 being a lioiaontal section through vertical side members of thecasing and door. The

'members 49. (Fig. 14).

facing units and 46 are united by tieplates 47 which are shown to havetheir tongues 46 protected by the sheet metal rlhe intermediate members50 are united to the facing blocks 45 and 46 by means of connectors S,these members 50 having grooves which receive the connectors faced bymeans of the sheet metal members 52 (Fig. 13), if desired. The kverticalmember 53 of the door is connected to the stop members 55 by the hinges54.

Figs. 26 to 38 inclusive show a window frame adapted for a sliding-sash,which frame may embody the same inner sill units 1, outer sill units 3,wall units 4, 5 and 6, concrete fills 19, inner face plates 23 and outerface plates 24 as the window and door frames just described, and thesame connectors 8 may be used to unite these tending flanges 61 whichprevent window. Connected to the inner and outer face units 23 and 24 atthe top of the window opening are the units 62, Yand at the sides arethe vertical unitsGS, and secured to them by means of the tongues 64 arethe shallow channels 65 to which the sash guides 66 may be connected bymeans yof the screws 67.

The sections of these guides 66 which are secured to the lintel` 62 maybe of any desired length, but for each ofthe upright sides of the casingl prefer to use three sections, when the upper and lower sliding sashesare of substantially the same height, and to have the upper and lowersections of the same length and the middle section somewhat shorter. Theupper1 and lower sections 66 may be released and removed 'when the sashare slid down and then up,

after which themiddle .sections may be released and permitted to'slidedown. The

y plates 66.

The several units may all be reinforced by providing sheet metal shells'for selected surfaces, as indicated in Figs. 13, 21 and 22, whereversuch reinforcements may be found advisable.

While the construction' is particularly adapted for Window and dooropenings, it is rain splashing up back of the lower sash of the,

for facing all ides not liinited thereto, for such units as shown intlie draivi igs niay be employed for base boards, plate rails and suchother architectural details as inay be conveniently inanu factored.

The details of tlie several units inay all' be changed by those skilledin the art Without departing from the spirit of iny invention as setiortli in the iolloiving claiin Y l claini: fr

l. A traine for an opening in a Wall, said trarne consisting oip innerrand outer facing units adjacent said opening and arranged vertical andhorizontal rows, janib and lintel units betr-reen the facing units andalso arranged in vertical and horizontal rows, all said units beingprecast and inornied with refristering grooves, and connectors mountedin said grooves to unite the units into ieraines.

2. A frana-e for an opening in a Wall,l said traine consistingor" innerand outer facing units adjacent said opening and arranged in verticaland horizontal roivs,rjainb and lintel units between the facing units'and also arranged in vertical and'fhorizontal rows, all said units beingprecast and liornied with registering grooves, and connectors in ountedin said grooves to unite tlie units into frames, adjacent Jfacingunits'o the ver-V tical rows having the ends toward the open# ings inthe same plane and the opposite staggered. Y

3. A traine for an opening in a Wall, sait aine consisting of inner andouter units for cing all sides ot the wall adjacent said pening, janibandlintel units between tlie acing units all the units being precast,nieans to connect ther adjacent units, and nietal plates a units.

A iii-aine for en o ening in a iiall, said traino consisting of in erand outeriinits the Wall adjacent said openino', janib lintol unitsbetween tlie facing units all the units being precast, means to connectthe adjacent units, motif plates attaffiA l. to the jarnb and lintelnuits. V`guide piates tor i ndoiv saslies attached to the nietal plates.

5. A traine 'for openinoj in a Wall, said traine consisting ot inner.outer units tor facing the ivall'at all sides ot said opening, janiband lint-cl units between the Jracing units all the units being precast,ineens to connect the t plates attached to the jainb and lintelnnits,a.- d guide plates for wirdv saslies 1cl,ed to the instal platesr at fWindow opening.; vone of y being positioned the ini-:idle height and ateach sident th openin other guide plates botli above and belonY saidniiddl'e plate. Y

' 6. A traine for an opening in a Wall, said att ends

VsaidV oneninof and 'amb units betwee Uached to tlie-janib and lintel'adjacent units, inetal' traine consisting of inner and outer units forfacing the Wall at all sides of said opening, Ajanib and lintel unitsbetween the facing units all the units being precast,

nieans to connect the adjacent units, metal] plates Vattached to thejanib and lint-el units,

guide platesV forY Window sashes attached to the nietal plates, saidWall being formed with chambers vifor sash Weights between the sidefacinv units and back ot the 'ainb units C 7 vertical and horizontalrows, janib and lintel units between the facing' units andl alsoarranged in vertical and horizontal rows, all saidunits being precastand formed With registering grooves, connectors mounted in said frroovesto unite the units into trainee,

and a concrete'tilling between the 'facing units after the units havebeen erected.

8. Vtrarne for an opening inV a said traine consisting-of tacing unitsacl-YV j acent'said opening, janibY units between the facing units, saidunits'being precast and liavingregistering grooves, and connectors tounite the-janib and l'facing units.V

V9. Airaine ior an opening in a ivall, sait trarne consisting orn facingunits adjacent facing units, said units being precast and havingregistering grooves, connectors to unite tlie units, and detachable ribslioouted on the jainb units. 4

l0. A :traine Afor an opening saidY trarne consisting of `facingl unitsadacent said opening and units between he facing units, said Vunitsbeing precast and having dovetail grooves, and connectors havingdovetail endsY nniti the units.

Vll. A trarne for an opcnng in a ivall, comprising units cols-titutingan end surface of the traine and 'facing units on each side of suchifi'rst nained units, ali oic such units being precast and V'havingunite the units.

l2; Al traine for comprising units c tace oic the traine and facingunits on each side of such nained units, all of such units `beingprecast and haring registering grooves. connectors in Athe groovestounite the units, said facing' units having additional verti-cal dovetailgrooves registering with each other, and connecting plates e3;-

an opening in a Wall,

tending across between seidrr'acing unitsv iitting said having theirends dovetailed dovetail grooves.

the Y in a Wall,V

registering ,QJTOOVG'Sn and CO'HDGCCTS Yin they grooves to onstitutingan end sur-y Y nniirnz. Horirins;

iio

